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Electrostatic Voltmeters
Information about Electrostatic Voltmeter Technology and Electrostatic Voltmeter Applications is provided below the table.
Contacting Voltmeters
| Infinitron® Ultra-High Impedance Voltmeters |
Resistance Capacitance | Measurement Range (DC or peak AC) |
Speed of Response (10% to 90%) |
Accuracy | Data Sheet | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 Infinitron® 800
|
1 x 1016 Ω 1 x 10-15 F |
0 to ±100 V | Less
than 3.5 ms for a 100 V step |
0.1% of full scale |  |
||
 Infinitron® 820 |
1 x 1015 Ω 1 x 10-15 F |
0 to ±2 kV | Less than 500 µs for a 1 kV step |
0.1% of full scale | |
||
| 1 x 1014 Ω 1 x 10-14 F |
0 to ±2 kV | Less than 500 μs for a 1 kV step |
±1% of full scale | |
|||
Non-Contacting Voltmeters
| Voltmeter | Measurement Range | Accuracy | Available Probes | Data Sheet | Voltmeter | Measurement Range | Accuracy | Available Probes | Data Sheet |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| See our FAQ for probe fixture information. | |||||||||
 341B High-voltage High Speed |
0 to ±20 kV | 0.1% of full scale | |
 368A High Speed Multichannel enclosure |
0 to ±2 kV | 0.1% of full scale | |
||
 P0865 High Speed |
0 to ±10 kV | 0.1% of full scale | |
 706B Low Noise Durable Design |
0 to +1 kV or 0 to -1kV |
0.5% of full scale | |
||
 370 High Speed High Resolution |
0 to ±3 kV | Better than 0.05% of full scale | |
 323 High Sensitivity |
0 to ±100 V | 0.05% of full scale | |
||
 370TR Transparent Probe |
0 to ±3 kV | Better than 0.05% of full scale |
|
 320C High Sensitivity |
0 to ±100 V | 0.05% of full scale | |
||
 347 Economical |
0 to ±3 kV | 0.05% of full scale | |
 325 Very High Sensitivity |
0 to ±40 V | 0.05% of full scale | |
||
 344 Most widely used in Electrophotography |
0 to ±2 kV | 0.05% of full scale | |
||||||
Electrostatic Voltmeter Technology
Many very high impedance (> 1010 Ω) voltage measurements cannot be made using conventional type voltmeters because charge transfer into the voltmeter is required, thus causing loading and modification of the source voltage. For example, when measuring voltage distribution on a dielectric surface, any measurement technique that requires charge transfer, no matter how small, will modify or destroy the actual data. In these types of applications an electrostatic voltmeter is required.
An instrument that measures voltage with virtually zero charge transfer is called an electrostatic voltmeter. A primary characteristic of electrostatic voltmeters is that they accurately measure surface potential (voltage) on devices or surfaces, with or without physical contact.
Trek is known for its novel non-contacting voltmeter designs, first introduced in 1968, to address charge transfer issues associated with the contacting voltmeter designs at the time. With these non-contacting electrostatic voltmeters an electrostatic voltage monitoring probe is placed in close proximity (1 mm to 5 mm) to the surface to be measured. These electrostatic voltmeters function to drive the potential of the probe body to the same potential as the measured unknown. This achieves a high accuracy non-contacting measurement that is insensitive to variations in probe-to-surface distances and prevents arc-over between the probe and measured surface.
Trek’s more recently developed novel Infinitron® ultra-high impedance voltmeter technology is ideal for voltage measurement applications that demand virtually infinite loading impedance levels, far beyond the reach of currently available high impedance voltmeter instruments. The Infinitron technology enables contacting (and non-contacting) measurements to be made with virtually no charge transfer due to incredibly high input resistance of 1016 Ω combined with incredibly low input capacitance of 10-15 farads. This allows Trek’s Infinitron products to indicate, with high precision, the voltage level of objects and surfaces – even before contact is made.
Electrostatic Voltmeter Applications
Scientific, industrial, or research applications for Trek electrostatic voltmeters include:
- Electrostatic charge accumulation monitoring
(clean rooms, LCD production processes) - High-speed measurements of photoreceptor characteristics
- Material evaluation
- Measuring electrostatic potential on materials
(polymers, rubber, fabrics, and paper) - Measuring electrostatic potential on moving objects or surfaces
- Monitoring of contact potential
- Monitoring of the light decay of photoreceptors
- Monitoring surface potentials in electrostatic painting processes
- Radiation effect studies
- Research and development of electrophotographic processes
- Surface work function
